1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Purpose of this Study 1-1
1.2 Objectives of this Study 1-3
1.3 Approach 1-3
1.4 Organization of this Report 1-42 Context
2.1 Defining the “Basin” 2-1
2.2 The Basin's Habitability
2.2.1 The River System 2-3
2.2.2 The Basin's Land Base 2-7
2.3 Yangtze Basin in Asia 2-13
2.4 The Basin’s Role in China’s Economy 2-17
2.5 Economic Prospects for the Yangtze Basin
2.5.1 Base Case Scenario 2-21
2.5.2 A Less Optimistic Scenario to 2010 2-23
2.5.3 Cities and Urbanizing Regions as Engines of Growth 2-24
3.1 Official Definitions of “Urban” and “Cities”
3.1.1 The Household Registration System 3-1
3.1.2 Criteria for Designating Statutory Towns and Cities 3-5
3.1.3 Territorial Definitions of Cities and Sub-municipal Units 3-8
3.2 Centripetal Urbanization: Why Traditional Definitions No Longer Apply 3-12
3.3 An Alternative Definition: ‘Urbanizing’ Settlement 3-17
3.4 Scales of Urbanizing Settlement 3-23
4 Nodes: Urbanizing Settlements in the Yangtze Basin Region
4.1 Delineating Urbanizing Settlements
4.1.1 Towns 4-1
4.1.2 Defining Metropolises and Large Metropolises 4-3
4.2 Basin-wide Urbanization Trends 4-4
4.3 Provincial Urbanization Trends
4.3.1 Spatial and Size Distribution of Urbanizing Settlements 4-10
4.3.2 Urbanization Trends 4-12
4.3.3 Yunnan 4-18
4.3.4 Guizhou 4-18
4.3.5 Chongqing 4-20
4.3.6 Sichuan 4-20
4.3.7 Hunan 4-23
4.3.8 Hubei 4-23
4.3.9 Jiangxi 4-25
4.3.10 Anhui 4-25
4.3.11 Jiangsu 4-28
4.3.12 Zhejiang 4-28
4.3.13 Shanghai 4-29
4.4 Structural Characteristics of Urbanizing Settlements in the Yangtze Basin
4.4.1 Small (100,000 - 250,000);Intermediate (250,000 - 500,000) Cities 4-31
4.4.2 Large Cities (500,000 - 1 million) 4-32
4.4.3 Metropolis (1 - 4 million) 4-33
4.4.4 Large Metropolis (> 4 million) 4-34
5 The Basin's Urbanizing Economies
5.1 Scale of Urbanizing Economies 5-1
5.2 Income Differences 5-3
5.3 Economic Growth 5-11
5.4 Economic Development 5-14
5.5 Investment Capacities
5.5.1 Indicators 5-17
5.5.2 Investment Patterns 5-18
5.5.3 Savings Patterns 5-20
5.5.4 Municipal (On-budget) Fiscal Patterns 5-22
6 Urban Environment and Infrastructure
6.1 Preliminary Hypotheses 6-1
6.1.1 Changing economic structure 6-2
6.1.2 Regulation and Enforcement 6-3
6.1.3 Increasing Environmental Awareness 6-3
6.1.4 Operation & Maintenance 6-4
6.1.5 Alternative Fuels 6-4
6.1.6 Industrial Location 6-4
6.1.7 Diminishing Returns 6-5
6.2 Trends in Urban Environmental Quality
6.2.1 Water Supply 6-6
6.2.2 Wastewater 6-8
6.2.3 Air Quality 6-11
6.2.4 Solid Waste 6-15
6.3 Preliminary Conclusions on Urban Environmental Quality 6-15
6.4 Urban Environmental Infrastructure Demand to 2005
6.4.1 Water 6-16
6.4.2 Wastewater 6-16
6.4.3 Solid Waste 6-17
6.4.4 Air Pollution 6-17
6.5 Investment in Urban Infrastructure to 2005 6-17
7 Emerging Regional Urban Systems
7.1 Changing Inter-regional Linkages
7.1.1 Functional Linkages 7-1
7.1.2 Physical Linkages 7-1
7.2 Defining Regional Urban Systems
7.2.1 Regions as Defined in China 7-4
7.2.2 Regional Urban Systems 7-5
7.3 Types of Regional Urban Systems in the Yangtze Basin 7-6
7.3.1 Megalopolis 7-7
7.3.2 Corridors 7-12
7.3.3 Clusters 7-13
7.3.4 City-centered Regions 7-14
7.4 Urbanization and Economic Development in Regional Urban Systems 7-15
7.5 Intra-regional Transport Linkages 7-23
7.6 Water Resources in Regional Urban Systems 7-25
8 Priorities
8.1 Definitions and Information 8-1
8.2 Confronting Institutional Issues
8.2.1 Governance 8-2
8.2.2 Urban and Regional Management 8-2
8.2.3 Financing Urban Infrastructure 8-3
8.3 Cross-sectoral Coordination 8-5
8.4 Pre-investment Framework
8.4.1 Kunming-Centered Region (Recommendation # 27) 8-6
8.4.2 Guiyang-centered Region (Recommendation # 28) 8-6
8.4.3 Chengdu-Chongqing Megalopolis (Recommendation #29) 8-7
8.4.4 Changsha-centered Region (Recommendation #30) 8-7
8.4.5 Middle Yangtze Megalopolis (Recommendation #31) 8-8
8.4.6 Nanchang-centered Region (Recommendation #32) 8-8
8.4.7 Suzhou-Huainan Corridor (Recommendation #33) 8-9
8.4.8 Fuyang Cluster (Recommendation #34) 8-9
8.4.9 South Anhui Cluster (Recommendation #35) 8-9
8.4.10 North Grand Canal Corridor (Recommendation #36) 8-9
8.4.11 Jiangsu North Shore Corridor (Recommendation #37) 8-10
8.4.12 Zhejiang Coastal Corridor (Recommendation #38) 8-10
8.4.13 Hangzhou-Ningbo Corridor (Recommendation #39) 8-10
8.4.14 Shanghai-Nanjing Megalopolis (Recommendation #40) 8-10
References and Selected Bibliography
Volume 2: Plates [100 maps in tabloid format]
Volume 3: Annexes
A Methodology
B Projections of Domestic Water Demand and Consumption
C Projections of Industrial Wastewater Generation
D City Case Studies
